Chemicals & Naturally Occurring Ingredients
5-amino-1, 3-bis (2-ethylehxyl)-5-methyl-hexahydropyrimidine 9 (Hexatidine) -a compound used for its antibacterial, antifungal properties. Hexatidine is utilized in mouthwashes and antiseptic soaps with no known irritations or detrimental effects.
7-ethyl bicyclooxazolidine - a bactericide compound. It is an additive in many "All Natural" products.
A
ACACIA - A natural gum derivative used for a tightening action of the skin.
ALBUMEN - A protein found in egg whites, albumen will help temporarily tighten skin.
ALCOHOL DENAT: is used as a solvent to pull out ingredients from a plant which are insoluble in water as in the preparation of herbal extracts. Evaporated quickly leave the active ingredients behind in the skin.
ALCOHOL: The term "alcohol," used in cosmetic labeling, refers to ethyl alcohol.
ALLANTOIN - An ingredient long known for its soothing properties, Allantoin is a botanical extract of the comfrey plant, and is also found in wheat sprouts, sugar beets, and tobacco seed. It is used to help heal wounds and skin irritations. The FDA classifies allantoin as a helpful "skin protectant," so that when used in over-the-counter products, it can help to increase the growth of healthy cell tissue. Allantoin also helps to alleviate the symptoms of chapped, dry, reddened, or irritated skin. It is considered a safe noncomedogenic, nonsensitizing, and nonirritating ingredient.
Alligator Oil - is a rich source of copper and zinc which are very reactionary in fighting cell damage.
Aloe Vera - An oil extract of the aloe vera leaf known for its moisturizing properties, aloe vera gel (Aloe barbadensis) is cold-processed to better maintain its innate soothing characteristics.
Alpha Hydroxy Acids – Include several classes of fruit acids – citric acid from citric fruits – glycolic acids from sugarcane – lactic acid from milk – malic acid from apples. Used to exfoliate the top layers of the epidermis. Helps other ingredients penetrate the skin and helps skin hold moisture. Can be irritating and increase sensitivity to sun exposure.
Alpha Lipoic Acid (thioctic acid) – A water and fat soluble antioxidant that boosts the effectiveness of both vitamins C and E in the skin. ALA improves the appearance of uneven texture and skin discoloration and acts as an anti-inflammatory. Works well as a combination with DMAE and Vitamin C.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate: A surfactant made from a colorless, crystalline compound derived from coconut oil. Utilized for its foaming properties and mild acidic pH values.
AMP: Aminomethylpropanol – used as a neutralizing agent.
Apricot Kernel Oil: An emollient with a high vitamin E content that is easily absorbed into the skin. Has excellent softening and moisturizing properties and can help skin keep its elasticity and suppleness.
Arginine: A natural amino acid (L-arginie) that affects the relaxation of the skin. Arginine plays an important role in cell division, the healing of wounds.
Argireline (Acetyl hexapeptide-3) - A new anti-wrinkle Peptide believed to work by hindering the release of neurotransmitters. When put on to the skin, Argireline supposedly lessens facial tension resulting in a reduction of facial lines and wrinkles with regular use. Called the natural alternative to Botox.
Arnica Extract- commonly called leopards bane, is a botanical extract known to reduce inflammation, stimulate circulation, act as an anti-irritant and decreases pain. Arnica promotes the removal of wastes from the skin and helps in new tissue growth. The plant is used externally for arthritis, burns, ulcers, eczema and acne. It also has an anti-bacterial quality that improves wound healing.
Ascorbic Acid – or vitamin C provides effective anti-oxidant protection to aid in restoring skin firmness, and production of collagen. This makes it an exceptional anti-aging ingredient.
Ascorbyl Palmitate - is an ester formed from ascorbic acid and palmitic acid creating a fat-soluble form of vitamin C used as an antioxidant in foods, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
Aspartic Acid (Aspartate) - An amino acid that helps balance pH levels.
Ava Puhi Extract - taken directly from the bulb-like flower of the wild ginger plant and used for generations, by Polynesians to cleanse and condition their hair.
B
Babassu Oil (orbignya phalerata) - Babassu is a superior emollient favorable for both dry and oily skins, softly moisturizing the skin without contributing to an oily shine. Extracted from the kernels of the babassu palm, this oil has been used for generations by native cultures of South America as a natural moisturizer.
Beeswax - Beeswax is one of the oldest materials used in treatment for the skin. Naturally non-comedogenic and oil absorbing, beeswax can be used as a firming agent, emulsifier, or protective lubricant. It coats the skin and stays in place very well and thus helps avoid the loss of water and dehydration. Beeswax may have some mild anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial properties.
Bentonite clay - This natural white clay comes from volcanic ash. It acts as a magnet to remove dulling skin cells and toxins, and then polishes skin for a fresh, bright complexion. Bentonite clay can absorb up to fifteen times its volume in water.
BENZOIC ACID – A weak acid, it is used as a food and cosmetic preservative. Benzoic acid is an ingredient of Whitfield Ointment which is used for the treatment of fungal skin diseases such as tinea and ringworm. It is also considered an effective treatment for acne.
Benzophenone-3 – An ingredient in sunscreens, benzophenone-3 provides effective defense against both UVA and UVB sun rays, but these preparations should not be used for young children.
BENZYL ALCOHOL- An antibacterial and topical numbing agent.
Beta Glucan - Found in barley, oats, seaweeds & certain plants, beta glucan has been shown to assist our skin’s immune system (Langerhans cells) improving the overall healing process. Initial findings are showing Beta Glucan can topically penetrate the skin and reduce wrinkles.
Beta Hydroxy Acids – salicylic acid used as an exfoliator.
Betaine - is used in skin care formulations as a moisturizer and stabilizer due to its distinctive water binding and cell membrane protective properties.
BHT - butylated hydroxytoluene BHT may have antiviral and antimicrobial activities. Used as an antioxidant (neutralizes free oxygen radicals) to preserve & stabilize all kinds of cosmetics like creams, lotions, shampoos, makeup & sunscreen products.
Binding Agent – Ingredients in skin care products that hold different elements together and prevent separation of the water and lipid components.
Bisabolol - The main active ingredient in Chamomile - has been used for hundreds of years in cosmetics because of its perceived skin healing properties. Bisabolol is known to have anti-irritant, anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial properties.
Bitter Orange (Citrus aurantium) - Used by different cultures throughout the Caribbean and China to soothe and renew dull skin. In cosmetics, it is prized for its fragrance and invigorating properties.
Borage Seed Oil - Borage Seed Oil can be used topically or taken internally and is an important source of gamma linolenic acid, an essential fatty acid our bodies cannot produce for itself. Borage oil is used in skin care to calm damaged and irritated tissues and support healthy skin growth.
Brown seaweed - Highly mineralized and rich with amino acids and antioxidants, brown seaweed enhances the skin's natural ability to absorb and retain moisture. Animal studies have shown that chemicals found in a type of brown seaweed, might protect against skin cancers caused by ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation.
Burdock (Arcitum lappa) - An herbal root extract that has been used for a wide variety of conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis symptoms, chronic skin ailments, , and cancer prevention. It has strong anti-inflammatory and anti-infective property and is also considered a blood cleanser and detoxifying agent
C
C13-14 Isoparaffin- Waxy, petroleum-based ingredient used as an emollient in skin care products.
Calcium Carbonate – an absorbent that removes the shine from talc.
Camelina Oil - is a vegetable oil high Omega-3 fatty acids suitable for a many types of skin care and nutraceutical applications. The oil is also very rich in natural antioxidants, such as tocopherols, making this highly stable oil very resistant to oxidation and rancidity. Camelina oil demonstrate good emollient properties, and is rich in Alpha Linoleic Acid; an Essential Fatty Acid (EFA) making it good for skin cell health. May be used in creams, lotions, balms, lipsticks, and bar soaps where the skin nourishing properties of Camelina Oil are desired
Camphor - is readily absorbed through the skin and produces a feeling of cooling similar to that of menthol. It acts as slight local anesthetic and antimicrobial substance. It can also help lessen itching and irritation in many skin care and medicated products
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride - are the natural oil bases in emulsions and are obtained from a natural fatty acid (coconut oil) and glyceride. Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is a remarkably light and non-greasy oil with a very nice feel. It absorbs quickly, and it is very compatible with our skin--nonsensitizing and nonallergenic.
Capsicum Extract – an extract that comes from a large group of plants in the pepper family, including chili peppers and bell peppers. They are used as counterirritants to ease muscle aches. Capsicum and substances made from it can cause allergic reactions or skin irritation. Use cautiously.
Carbomers (934, 940, 941, 980, 981): are used as emulsion stabilizers or thickening agents in cosmetic products and are known to be safe as a cosmetic ingredients. Clinical studies have shown that these polymers have low potential for skin irritation and sensitization at concentrations up to 100%.
Carnosine - is a small molecule made up of the amino acids, histidine and alanine. In 1999, Australian researchers established that Carnosine improves the longevity of human fibroblast cells in the laboratory. Numerous studies have demonstrated that carnosine has strong and specific antioxidant properties, protects against radiation damage, and promotes wound healing. Carnosine skin creams used regularly should help prevent and treat the look of tough, leathery skin and improve overall skin condition, as well as to help stop the signs of skin aging from happening. Carnosine helps to prevent glycosylation - the cross linking of proteins and DNA molecules.
Carrageenan – Extracted from red seaweed, Carrageenan has natural gelling and thickening characteristics. Used as a stabilizer and a skin conditioning agent.
Carrot Oil - has exceptional skin protection and conditioning benefits coming from the high quantities of oil soluble carotenoids that it contains. A natural source of vitamin A that encourages healthy skin.
CASTOR OIL: A thick colorless oil extracted from the Castor Bean plant. It has great lubricating properties and is very healing to the skin. Castor Oil is also used as a carrier for medicinal and cosmetic preparations. It also has considerable anti-inflammatory properties. Its status as a topical "healing" oil has to do with its high concentration of ricinoleic acid. It is considered usually nonallergenic and nonsensitizing. Sodium and Potassium Castorate are the natural soaps made from Castor Oil.
CERA ALBA: See Beeswax.
Ceramides - naturally occurring skin lipids (fats) found in the bi-layers of the Stratum Corneum. These intercellular lipids play a crucial role in preventing water loss from the stratum corneum skin layer by functioning as an environmental shield against Trans Epidermal Water Loss and resulting skin dryness. Ceramides are needed for the skin's water-retention as well as cell regulation.
CETEARYL ALCOHOL: Made from cetyl and stearyl alcohols, this waxy flaky solid is used in ointments, creams, conditioners and lotions as a mild emulsifier, skin softener, conditioner and thickener. Cetearyl Alcohol forms an occlusive film to keep skin moisture from evaporating.
CETEARYL GLUCOSIDE: is a compound of glucose and cetearyl alcohol. Cetearyl Glucoside is an emulsifier and softens the consistency of a product's ingredients. Used in all types of skin care products.
CETRIMONIUM CHLORIDE: a coconut based emulsifier, primarily used in hair care products. Works as an anti-static agent.
CETYL ALCOHOL: At room temperature, cetyl alcohol takes the form of a waxy white solid or flakes. It belongs to the group of fatty alcohols. Cetyl alcohol is used in the cosmetic industry as a surfactant in shampoos, or may be utilized as an emollient, emulsifier or thickening agent in skin creams and lotions.
Cetyl Lactate * Similar to Cetyl Alcohol, is another emollient used as a thickening agent in cosmetics.
CETYL STEARYL ALCOHOL: See CETEARYL ALCOHOL.
Chamomile Extract - Extracted from Anthemis nobles, Chamomile is known to have a soothing and anti inflammatory effect on the skin.
CHLOROPHYLLIN: as a topical preparation, allegedly useful for both treatment and odor control of wounds, injuries, and other skin conditions - notably radiation burns.
Cholecalciferol – also known as vitamin D3. Cholecalciferol is made in large quantities in your skin when sunlight hits your uncovered skin.
CITRIC ACID: A naturally occurring acid found in many plants, Citric Acid is a common pH-adjuster used in cosmetics and toiletries. It is effective at extremely low concentrations and has no known toxicity. It is also used as a preservative and toner. Sodium Citrate is the sodium salt of Citric Acid.
Citrus aurantium: found in a small orange found in the Caribbean, Citrus aurantium is known for its refreshing scent and deodorizing properties.
Clematis Leaves - Used for generations by Native Americans to soothe flaky, dry skin modern herbalists use clematis leaves as a treatment for skin disorders too, but caution that the juice is a strong irritant.
COCAMIDOPROPYL BETAINE: A coconut and beet-derived member of the betaine family used as a surfactant in bath products like shampoos and hand soaps, and in cosmetics as an emulsifying agent and thickener, and to reduce irritation purely ionic surfactants would cause. It also serves as an antistatic agent in hair conditioners.
Coco-caprylate/caprate - Made from coconut, it is a lubricant, skin conditioner, and anti-microbial.
COCONUT PALM OIL: A fatty oil obtained from the coconut tree. Applied topically helps to form a chemical barrier on the skin, reduces symptoms related to psoriasis, eczema, and dermatitis. Supports the natural chemical balance of the skin and softens skin and helps relieve dryness and flaking.
Collagen -An important building block for all life, Collagen is the main protein of connective tissue. Collagen has great tensile strength, and is the main component of fascia, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, bone and teeth. Along with soft keratin, it is responsible for skin strength and elasticity, and its deterioration leads to wrinkles that accompany aging. Collagen makes up 75% of our skin. Collagen works well as an injectable filler, but is a somewhat large molecule and is not easily absorbed by the skin. So when included in skin care product, collagen does very little.
Colloidal Oatmeal - is very soothing to the skin and has strong anti-itching qualities. Colloidal oatmeal is classified by the FDA as a "skin protectant." The term "colloidal" means very small, meaning that the oatmeal has been ground into extremely fine particles.
Colorless Carotenoids - are the natural precursor molecules that ultimately form colored carotenoids. They do not break down when exposed to oxygen or light, making them more efficient in protecting the skin against free radicals and other environmental aggressors.
Copper Gluconate (Blue Copper) - An element important for life, shown to be helpful for firming and tightening the skin. It is one of the most important blood anti oxidants making it a great free-radical fighter. Effective against acne and helpful with wound healing.
Cordyline terminalis (Ti Plant) – Leaves used by Hawaiians and Polynesians for their skin-soothing properties.
Creatinine - a compound that suppresses pigmentation by hampering the transfer of pigment to the top cells of the epidermis.
Cucumber Extract - is mildly astringent, nevertheless soothing and can help reduce puffiness of the skin. Cucumber also has a slight bleaching action which assists in eliminating dead skin cells.
Cucumber Extract - Obtained from Cucumus sativus; an excellent skin-soother and skin-conditioning ingredient.
Cyclomethicone – a silicone oil used in hair and skin care products to give a silky feel. Also a conditioning agent and emollient. Gives skin an extremely soft, silky feel and evaporates promptly leaving little residue behind.
D
Decyl Glucoside - is a mild non-ionic surfactant (wetting agent) used in cosmetic formulas including baby shampoo and in products for individuals with a sensitive skin. Companies use this cleanser because it is plant-derived, biodegradable, and gentle. Decyl Glucoside is derived from the sugar of corn.
Diacetyl boldine – a skin care ingredient primarily used for removal of skin discolorations.
Diatomaceous Earth – porous rock composed of the skeletons of tiny sea creatures called diatoms that is crushed and used as an abrasive substance in scrub products.
Dipalmitoyl Hydroxyproline - A plant-derived ingredient that provides firming action to the skin. Known for providing anti-wrinkle action, rejuvenation, and moisturization.
Diazolidinyl urea – a preservative found in cosmetics, shampoos and skin care products. It is the most commonly used preservative after parabens. It has a broad spectrum of application, and is effective against bacteria, fungi and yeasts. Can cause contact dermatitis is some people. Two trade names for this chemical are Germall II and Germall 115.
Di-PPG-2 Myreth-10 Adipate (DMA) - is a synthetic emollient that reduces irritation and inflammation caused by cosmetic products. It is mild enough to be used in baby products and no-rinse formulas.
Disodium Cocoamphodiacetate – an extremely mild amphoteric (can function as an acid or a base) ingredient that does not strip skin and hair of their desired oils. Suggested for sensitive skin. Disodium Cocoamphodiacetate is originally derived from coconut.
dl-Panthenol (pro-vitamin B5) - some studies have shown dl-Panthenol to retain skin moisture and promote skin cell growth. Mostly though, though this vitamin is used in hair care products to make hair stronger.
Dromaius Oil – Dromaius is another name for Emu. See Emu oil.
E
Echinacea Extract - Extract from the purple coneflower, can be ingested or used topically to promotes the healing of all kinds of skin irritations.
Elastin - is a large fibrous protein which is formed by spiral filaments that are like springs and gives skin its’ flexibility. Natural aging and UVA/UVB rays cause elastin in skin to deteriorate. As a skin care ingredient, elastin can help retain moisture but does little if anything to build new elastin.
Emblica - An extract derived from the bark, leaves, flowers, and roots of the gooseberry tree. Used in Ayurvedic medicine, studies show that it has potent antioxidant benefits and is a good astringent due mainly to its high content of polyphenols. Emblica works synergistically with Vitamin C.
Emollients - Ingredients which smooth and soften the skin by reducing water loss in the epidermis. Used to correct dryness and scaling of the skin.
EMULSIFIER (surfactant) – An emulsifier is used to stabilize an emulsion which is the mixing of two un-blendable ingredients like oil and water. Beeswax is a natural emulsifier.
Emu Oil - emu oil is a natural emollient used in both skin care and cosmetics. Known for its healing and penetrating properties, Emu oil helps fight the effects of skin aging. Research has shown emu oil can thicken the skin, which reduces the appearance of aging.
Escalol 507 - a powerful oil-soluble UVB absorber for all types of skin care applications.
Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate – An oil soluble ingredient in sun screen products. Protects skin from sun damage.
Ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate (Ethylparaben) - an ester of ethyl alcohol and p-hydroxybenzoic acid. Ethylparaben is a very effective antimicrobial, anti-irritant, and preservative. It has been found to be very useful in various types of cosmetics and food products.
Eucalyptus Oil- used as an anti-septic, anti-inflammatory and has been shown to stimulate blood circulation in the skin. Is a good natural insect repellant.
Evening Primrose Oil - A natural lipid extracted from the evening primrose plant, evening primrose oil is a good source of vitamin E and gamma linoic acid (GLA). GLA is crucial for maintaining the normal function of the epithelial barrier. Helps to regenerate and maintain healthy skin cells.
F
Fairtrex™ - A nonacid exfoliation compound that helps lessen pigment expression on the surface of the skin by actively eliminating built up pigment through chemical exfoliation. Found in Nu Skin products.
Fragrance – added to skin care products to emotionally satisfy the user’s sense of smell. Sometimes will be the cause of skin irritations in sensitive skinned people.
G
Garlic extract (odorless) – shown to have antifungal activity and strengthens immune system.
Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (GABA): thought to reduces fine lines and wrinkles
Genistein - is one of several known isoflavones. Isoflavones act as antioxidants to counteract damaging effects of free radicals in tissues. Genistein is an active ingredient found in soy that stimulates collagen production and diminishes collagen breakdown. Also thickens skin by working like estrogen, but without the negative side effects of HRT (hormone replacement therapy). Gentle for all skin types and nonirritating; works well with all other anti-aging ingredients.
Germaben II - Germaben II provides excellent antimicrobial preservation and is an ideal preservative for shampoos, hair conditioners and emulsion products. It dissolves completely in cosmetic formulations and keeps lotions creamy.
Ginkgo Biloba Extract - Used for its anti-inflammatory and antiallergenic properties, and antioxidant, Ginko Extract increases moisture retention in the skin and is a smoothing agent.
Ginseng Extract - Appreciated for its ability to increase circulation, ginseng extract is thought to condition and revitalize the skin.
Gluconolactone – The next generation of AHAs, Gluconolactone is an antioxidant polyhydroxy acid (PHA) which is very mild and nonirritating even for sensitive skin. Clinically proven to increase moisture, reduce fine lines and puffiness, improve skin texture and improve pore size.
Glucosamine - One of the most effective supplements for osteoarthritis, new research indicates that glucosamine is also effective at reducing brown spots and even preventing future brown spots due to photoaging (sun damage). It is also necessary for healthy skin as Glucosamine is needed in the production of hyaluronic acid.
Glycereth 26 - A humectant used to bind moisture to the skin.
Glycerin (glycerol) – Most often derived from vegetable oils or sugars, Glycerin is the most common humectant (water binding agent) used in skin care products. Glycerin is extremely effective at helping skin retain its moisture content and at absorbing water from the air. It softens and smoothes the skin helping it to function and look better. There is also research demonstrating that the existence of glycerin in the intercellular layer of skin helps other skin lipids do their jobs better. Glycerin is considered noncomedogenic, nonallergenic, and nonsensitizing.
Glyceryl Stearate – Made from natural stearic acid and glycerin, Glyceryl Stearate is a common emulsifier and emollient used in skin care products such as creams and lotions. It provides stability as well as excellent texture.
Glycosaminoglycans – A complex of proteins, this is one of the newest cosmetic ingredients available. The large quantity of hydroxyl, carboxyl and sulfate groups make the GAGs extremely water-loving and this increases the depth of hydration of skin care products thus improving the elasticity of the skin. It provides firming and moisturizing.
Glycyrrhiza Glabra (licorice) Root Extract (lichochalcone) – Shown to be an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and emollient. In topical use, Licorice helps reduce sebum (oil) production while calming skin irritations.
Goldenseal extract – Shown to have anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties. Also heals and soothes skin.
Green Tea Extract - contains potent levels of polyphenols which are antioxidants that fight free radicals. Studies have shown green tea extract, whether taken orally or applied topically, to offer protection against harmful carcinogens, protect skin from UV damage and work as an anti-inflammatory. Green tea is also good for acne sufferers and is nonirritating, nonsensitizing, and nonallergenic.
Grape Seed Extract - Grape seed extract is a powerful antioxidant and has antibacterial and soothing properties.
Gum Arabic or Gum Acacia – a natural emulsion forming and thickening agent used in food and skin care products.
H
HECTORITE: A natural clay mineral used as an emulsifier, stabilizer and “wetting agent.”
Hemp Seed Oil – hempseed oil contains 80% of the unsaturated essential fatty acids (EFAs), linoleic acid (LA, 55%) and Alpha-linoleic acid (ALA, 21–25%) and is perfectly balanced to meet human requirements for EFAs. EFA’s are not manufactured by the body and must be supplied by food. EFA’s are very beneficial to the skin.
Hexapeptide-2 – A six-chain amino acid sequence that helps reduce the appearance of dark spots.
Hibiscus Extract (Hibiscus rosa-sinesis) – Used in products for it’s refreshing and tightening qualities. Does not strip the skin of natural oils.
Honey Extract - A naturally fermented product.Honey extract is a natural hydro-regulating compound, which works to preserve skin moisture.
Honeysuckle Extract - A natural conditioner with anti-microbial and soothing qualities.
Horse Chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) – A natural astringent that contains escin which is used in Europe as an anti-inflammatory and diuretic. Also is being promoted to cosmetically improve the appearance of varicose veins.
Humectants - Humectants are used in many cosmetic products as a moisturizer. Examples of humectants include glycerine, propylene glycol (E 1520) and glyceryl triacetate (E1518). Others can be polyols like sorbitol (E420), xylitol and maltitol (E965), or polymeric polyols like polydextrose (E1200) or natural extracts like quillaia (E999), or lactic acid or urea. Lithium chloride is an excellent humectant.
Hyaluronic Acid - Also referred to as cyclic acid, Hyaluronic acid is a major, natural component of skin that is involved in tissue repair. When skin is exposed to UVB rays, it becomes inflamed (sunburned) and the cells in the dermis stop producing as much hyaluronic acid causing the skin to break down. When used in skin care products, HA can hold 1000 times its own weight in water making it a wonderful moisturizer. It also helps to draw in “active” ingredients deeper into the skin when used with other products such as Vitamin C serum. Hyaluronic acid is also a popular injectable dermal filler (Juvaderm).
Hydrolyzed Elastin – being added to many skin lotions and creams to help firm and tone skin. Preliminary studies are showing some promise, but don’t get too excited yet. Just because you put something that is in your skin, on your skin does not mean your skin can use it.
Hydrolyzed Mucopolysaccharides – used in shampoos to increase volume and thickness. Used in skin care products for moisturizing.
HYDROLYZED OAT PROTEIN: Hydrolyzed oat protein acts as a natural co-emulsifier, and it reduces the greasiness of oil/water emulsions. It is used as a moisturizing and conditioning agent for the skin and hair.
Hydrolyzed Soy Protein - is a naturally derived protein of a soy that is soluble in water. When used in skin care products, it provides a smoothing effect and reduces the appearance of roughness and wrinkles.
Hydroxytyrosol - is a phytochemical that has antioxidant properties believed to have a very high free radical scavenging capacity. It is found in extra virgin olive oil and promotes smooth, flawless skin. It is now shown to have anti-inflammatory properties also.
Hypnea musciformis Extract - An extract of red algae that minimizes skin irritation.
I
IBR-Dormin™ (Narcissus tazetta extract) - A natural compound in the narcissus bulb. Research has shown that these compounds can be used in skin care products to slow the rate of cell division, giving the cells more time to build up their protective functions. IBR-Dormin slows down skin cell proliferation due to its strong anti oxidant properties. Reduces the signs of skin aging.
Isopropyl Myristate - A synthetic chemical used to reduce the greasy feel caused by the high oil content of other ingredients. Used in cosmetics as a thickening agent and emollient, it forms a thin layer on the skin and easily penetrates. More than 5 percent in a formulation can cause skin irritation and clog pores.
J
Jewelweed - Found in North America; customarily used by Native Americans to calm and soothe irritated skin. It has been shown to have anti-fungal properties. The sap is an established remedy for poison ivy and poison oak, acne, bug bites, nettle stings, ringworm, warts, corns, burns, cuts, and hemorrhoids.
Job's tears Extract - traditionally used in Asia to soothe skin with its anti-inflammatory and anti-irritant properties.
Jojoba Oil - A natural moisturizer, Jojoba is a quickly absorbing oil that leaves the skin feeling remarkably soft. It can help reduce fine lines as well as improve the flexibility and elasticity of the skin. Jojoba has anti-inflammatory properties and is well suited for sensitive skin. Jojoba oil is a known healer, emollient and moisturizer.
K
Kaolin - A white clay that absorbs unwanted oils and other impurities from skin therefore, widely used in facial masks. Kaolin receives color well and is also used as a base in powder, blush, foundation, and eye shadow.
Kukui Nut Oil - An emollient used in Hawaii for many years. It is valued for its rejuvenating and soothing results when used on skin. It does not leave a greasy or oily film either. Kukui Nut Oil contains Vitamins A, C, and E, giving it anti-oxidant qualities that help to renew the skin. Very effective on dry skin.
L
Lactic Acid - A potent alpha hydroxy acid that exfoliates the skin to improve cell turnover. Lactic acid peels help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. It also improves collagen production, deep cleans pores and is relatively non-irritating.
Lactobionic Acid - is a new polyhydroxy bionic acid ingredient being introduced into skin care. It is used as an exfoliant similar to an AHA. Clinically shown to enhance skin cell turnover, reduce the appearance of fine lines, wrinkles, and pore size; and enhancing skin smoothness and elasticity.
Lanolin - Lanolin skin creams and lotions are highly respected for their moisturizing and protective properties. A fatty discharge from sheep's wool, Lanolin has excellent moisture binding and humectant properties. Be careful of lanolin products that are not hypoallergenic or medical grade ingredients. The lanolin may cause skin irritation.
LAURETH-3- is derived from lauryl alcohol, a component of coconut oil. It is a dispersing ingredient used in bath oil products to help diffuse the bath oil ingredients into the bath water.
Laureth - In general, laureths are detergents and surfactants found in many personal care products. It is an inexpensive foaming agent added to shampoos, soaps, toothpastes etc. These substances allow for better distribution of the product while washing hair or skin. When rinsed off, the product will have cleaned the area but will have taken moisture from the top layers of skin. People with dry, easily irritated skin should use caution with products containing any form of laureth.
LAURYL BETAINE: is used as a detergent / surfactant for cosmetics and toiletries, especially for mild shampoos, foam baths products. Lauryl betaine is biodegradable and exhibits modest conditioning action. Betaines are used to reduce the possible irritancy from other types of detergents.
LAURYL GLUCOSIDE:Environmentally friendly, cleansing agent made from natural coconut oil and corn. When combined with Cocamidopropyl Betaine, they acquire preservative properties making extra additives unnecessary.
Lavender Extract - Used as a cleansing ingredient, Lavender Oil Extract has soothing and aromatic qualities.
Lecithin - Found in the membrane of all human cells, Lecithin is a natural emollient and surfactant that aids in the penetration of other ingredients. It improves skin’s softness and texture and is nonirritating and nonsensitizing. Primarily derived from soybeans or egg yolks, Lecithin has mild antioxidant properties.
LEVULINIC ACID: A by-product from sugar production, levulinic acid is a white flaky crystal or colorless to light yellow transparent liquid. It can be used as a surfactant in cosmetics and shampoos or is a primary ingredient in perfumes. Amino-Levulnic Acid under the trade name Levulan is applied to the skin during Photodynamic Skin Therapy treatments.
Licorice Extract (Glycyrrhiza glabra) – has skin soothing capabilities. An extract of licorice, called liquiritin, is thought to improve melasma ( a pigmentation disorder of the skin) as a skin lightening agent, however, the helpfulness of licorice for treating this condition has not been verified.
Liquid Crystals – are natural materials from sheep’s wool and plants. They are non-toxic and may safely be applied to the skin. Cholesteric liquid crystals are used widely in cosmetic products to give a shining, shimmering appearance and smooth texture in lip gloss and skin moisturizers.
M
Magnesium – Is needed by every cell in the body and itaccelerates cell metabolism by activating enzymes.
Magnesium Ascorbyl Phospate (MAP)- is a kind of water soluble whitening agent that can catch free oxygen radicals to speed up formation of collagen. It is stable, non-poisonous and non-irritating, making it an exceptional whitening agent for cosmetics. MAP can activate the enzyme - tyrosine, which can diminish brown spots. It can also dispel the oxygen free radical to help reduce wrinkles.
MAGNESIUM CARBONATE: Used in powders as a free flowing agent to keeps powders from caking up.
Malvaceae Extract - A plant lipid extract, comparable to lipids found among skin cells, helps inhibit lipogenesis (fat production) by influencing the beta receptor which could possibly help to reduce cellulite. Usually used in combination with hibiscus extract.
Marigold Extract (Calendula officinalis) - Extracted from marigold flowers; known for its soothing properties.
Marine Diatoms – Fine particles derived from dead marine phytoplankton used in skin care products as an exfoliator.
Meadowfoam oil - A versatile lipid derived from the meadowfoam flower seeds, it is an exceptional lubricant and emollient and helps soothe and soften dry skin. It is practically odor free and biodegradable. It is one of the most stable lipids known, and very resistant to oxidation.
Mentha arvensis - A natural wild mint used by Native American tribes for soothing aches and pains. Has antimicrobial properties, as well as cooling effects on the skin
Menthol - Derived from peppermint oil or sometimes made synthetically; gives balms and rubs a cooling sensation. Menthol has local anesthetic and counterirritant qualities.
Methyl Salicylate (oil of wintergreen) - It is used to increase blood circulation and the dilation of capillaries when used in deep heating rubs. Brings relief to swollen or sore muscles.
Methylparaben- is used as a preservative in cosmetics and skin care products. In correct amounts, is non-irritating.
Micrococcus Lysate - Enzymes that promote skin repair of cellular DNA damage from sun exposure. Usually found in products with sunscreen.
Mineral Oil - is an ingredient primarily functioning as an occlusive barrier to retard moisture loss from skin without restricting essential ingredient absorption. An emollient cleanser and demulsifier.
MONTMORILLONITE: It is a deep-cleansing clay that is used mainly for its absorptive properties to draw out toxins and excess oil from the skin. Montmorillonite has been used in cosmetics for centuries and has supposed therapeutic effects. Over 200 cultures have used the clay for medicinal purposes including the Ancient Egyptians, the pre-Aztec Amargosians, and other natives of Mexico, South America and North America.
Mother of Pearl Extract – Used in skin care products to smooth and soften older skin and promote healthy looking skin.
MSM (Methyl-sulfonyl-methane) – is a natural form of organic sulfur found in the flexible bond between your cells. When applied on the skin, it penetrates very quickly and improves the health of that area where it was absorbed. MSM is often referred to as a "penetrant." It makes the walls of individual cells more "permeable” allowing the detoxification of accumulated toxins. Sulfur is essential in the creation of collagen and keratin which are important for beautiful, healthy skin, hair, and nails.
Mugwort Extract - Acquired from the plant Artemisia vulgaris, mugwort extract has anti-sting and skin soothing properties.
Mulberry – A plant extract that helps to lighten brown spots from sun damage and natural aging.
Mullein (Verbascum thapsus) - widely used as an herbal remedy with emollient and astringent properties.
Mushroom Extract (Fomes officinalis) – Prized in Japan for many medicinal purposes, when used in skin care products, mushroom extract is said to refine and tighten pores.
MYRISTYL ALCOHOL: A fatty alcohol that works as an emulsifier and emollient to make skin smoother and prevent moisture loss. Is non-toxic.
N
NaPCA (Sodium PCA) – is a humectant that helps skin retain moisture. It is non-toxic, colorless and odorless, and has been shown to be as gentle to the skin as water.
Nettle Leaf -Primarily used in cleansers and works well for oily skin.
Nylon-12 - A highly oil absorbent talc substitute that makes powders glide smoothly on skin.
Non-acnegenic – are ingredients that will not contribute to acne breakouts.
Non-comedogenic – are ingredients that will not clog pores to cause breakouts.
O
Ostrich Oil - Ostrich oil is non-comedogenic natural ingredient used by ancient Egyptian, Roman and African cultures for lesions, burns, contact dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis and dry skin. Ideal for sensitive skin.
Olive Butter - Olive butter is the butter obtained from cold pressed olives. It has excellent emollient and antioxidant properties making it a natural moisturizer. Olive butter has been shown to have some anti-inflammatory properties as well. It has a very long history of use in caring for the skin.
OCTYL PALMITATE: A colorless and odorless emollient made from palm oil used in shampoos, shaving creams, moisturizer and body products. Can contribute to acne.
Octyl Methoxycinnamate – Is an organic compound used is in sunscreens and other cosmetics to absorb UV-B rays from the sun, protecting the skin from damage.
P
PALM KERNEL OIL: is a form of edible vegetable oil obtained from the fruit of the oil palm tree. Palm oil is a very rich source of Vitamin A and E used in the making of soaps and shampoos. Sodium Palmate is the natural soap made from Palm Kernel Oil.
Panthenol - Also called vitamin B5, in cosmetics, panthenol is a humectant, emollient and moisturizer. In ointments it is used for treatment of sunburns, mild burns and minor skin disorders. Panthenol is metabolized in the skin into pantothenic acid. Present in all living cells, pantothenic acid is the main ingredient of Coenzyme A which is needed in every energy, releasing reaction in the human body.
Papain - An enzyme from papaya fruit used to treat edemas, inflammatory processes, and in the acceleration of wound healing.
Parabens - A group of organically synthesized preservatives that include methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, isobutylparaben, and butylparaben. They are used in cosmetics as well as drugs and foods. Parabens are used mainly for their bactericidal and fungicidal properties.
Parsol® 1789 (Avobenzone) - Used in sunscreens forbroad protection against UVA and UVB rays.
PEG 150 Pentaerythrityl Tetrastearate - a vegetable-derived ingredient, used in many personal care products as a thickener and light skin conditioner.
PEG-150 DISTEARATE: is an excellent non-ionic thickener for body wash and shampoos that facilitates the mixing of water and oil. It has good co-emulsifying properties in creams & lotions.
PEG-40 HYDROGENATED CASTOR OIL: A derivative of castor oil, used as a fragrance ingredient as well as an emulsifying and solubilizing surfactant.
Peppermint Oil - A natural plant oil that cools and invigorates the skin. Believed to have analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiseptic, and astringent qualities.
Palmitoyl Pentapeptide 3 (Pal-KTTKS) - A unique amino acid sequence thought to enhance the synthesis of collagen and elastin helping to repair sun damaged skin. More studies need to be done though to verify this claim.
Pentapeptide – used as a pro-collagen ingredient to reduce fine lines and wrinkles.
Petrolatum (Petroleum jelly) - Topical application of petrolatum can help to reduce inflammation, and generally heal the skin.
PHENOXYETHANOL - is a fragrant ether alcohol used as a preservative and perfume ingredient in cosmetics. Topically, phenoxyethanol may be used as an astringent and medicine for wound infections.
Phosphatidylcholine – Found in soy lecithin, it helps protect cell membranes and maintain skin fluidity.
Phytosphingosine - Present in the stratum corneum, as a skin care ingredient, it soothes and reduces skin redness related to acne or rosacea.
Pistachio Oil - A nut oil rich in vitamin E that moisturizes and softens the skin.
Polyacrylamide - A large group of ingredients typically found in hair-care products and also broadly used as moisturizers in skin care products. Polyacrylamides leave a flexible and continuous covering over hair or skin having excellent water-binding properties. It leaves a smooth feel on skin.
Polyhydroxy Acid (PHA) – Similar to alpha hydroxy acid, PHA has a larger molecular structure which reduces their ability to penetrate the skin. Cause less irritation than AHAs. PHAs are strong humectants and effective at skin cell renewal.
Polyphenols – are phytochemicals found in high concentrations in wine, tea, grapes and a wide variety of other plants. Polyphenols act as potent antioxidants.
POLYSORBATE-20 AND 60: often used in cosmetics to make soluble essential oils into water based products. They are used for their mild foaming and cleansing effects. They are very mild, anti-irritant, safe if ingested, and are often found in baby products.
Potassium Ascorbyl Tocopheryl Phosphate - a special blending of vitamins C and E, it replenishes the natural antioxidant supply that is lost when your skin breaks out.
POTASSIUM SORBATE - used in many personal care products to inhibit the growth of microorganisms for shelf stability. Some manufacturers are using this preservative as a substitute for parabens.
PRESERVATIVE: an ingredient added to a product to prevent spoiling. Preservatives slow down the growth of molds, bacteria and fungus. Everyday preservatives include sugar, salt, vinegar, Potassium Sorbate and Benzoic Acid. Preservatives are necessary for a product to have a shelf life.
PROPOLIS EXTRACT: is a material made by the honeybee that offers protection against harmful bacteria, viruses and fungi. Propolis works as an antiseptic and it may show strong local antibiotic and antifungal properties. Also it is generally useful in treating skin burns.
Propylene Glycol - Along with other glycols and glycerol, propylene glycol is a humectant when used in skin care products. It permeates the skin better than glycerin which helps active ingredients penetrate the skin better too, but may cause more sensitivity reactions than glycerin. It is used only in very small quantities to keep products from melting or freezing. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has determined propylene glycol to be "generally recognized as safe" for use in food, cosmetics, and medicines.
Propylene Glycol (and) Diazolidinyl Urea (and) Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate(trade name Liquid Germall Plus) – Three ingredients used together as a preservative. It can be used in a wide variety of leave-on and rinse-off personal care formulations for reliable preservation.
Propylparaben - is a preservative that is made from PABA and is greatly used in cosmetics. It is the ester of n-propyl alcohol and p-hydroxybenzoic acid. It is also used as a fragrance ingredient. Propylparaben has anti-fungal and anti-microbial properties and helps inhibit the formation of yeast and mold in products. When used at low inclusion rates, it is non-toxic and non-irritating to the skin.
Pseudocollagen – Used in many personal care products, this yeast-derived, dermal matrix substance is a moisturizing and strengthening collagen replacement for skin and hair.
Pycnogenol tm (PYC) - refers to a specific mixture of procyanidins from the French maritime pine trees. Procyanidins are also found in cocoa and chocolate, grape seeds, apples, peanuts, almonds, cranberries and blueberries. Pycnogenol has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. It may bind and protect collagen and help sun damaged skin. Pycnogenol® may help to lighten brown spots and boost blood circulation in the skin.
Pumpkin enzymes (Lactobacillus/Curcurbita Pepo Fruit Ferment Extract) - An enzyme derived from pumpkins that is used as achemical free skin peel and anti-oxidant mask.
Q
Quinoa Oil –moisturizes, nourishes and softens skin for a smooth complexion.
R
Retinol – A fat-soluble, antioxidant vitamin A. Retinol reduces the look of wrinkles and fine lines. It helps keep skin soft and toned, may increase collagen production, increases skin thickness and elasticity. Topical products containing retinoids (a synthetic form of vitamin A) are helpful in clearing up acne and psoriasis. Retinoids have shown potential for treating other skin problems such as rosacea and premature aging from the sun. It is available by prescription.
Retinyl Palmitate – Another type of Vitamin A antioxidant that is included in skin care products. It may improve elasticity and temporarily lessen the look of fine lines. Retinyl palmitate's stability is superior to retinol.
Revitalin BT- thought to increase the rate of oxygen exchange of skin cells improving their functioning and helping to diminish the signs of aging.
Rice Bran Oil - is a lightweight oil that has a high content of vitamin E--a potent and vital antioxidant for the skin. Rice bran oil has a silky, smooth feel and is nonsensitizing. Is leaves skin clean and soft.
Rice Starch – used to produce fine, soft product textures and to absorb oils to diminish shine.
Royal Jelly – A natural product made by bees. Contains B-complex vitamins believed to heal skin and reduce fine lines. There is not much proof though.
S
Sage Extract (Salvia officinalis) – Used in skin care products to soften and condition the skin.
Salicylic Acid - A BHA, salicylic acid is the key additive in many skin-care products for the treatment of acne, psoriasis, calluses, corns, keratosis pilaris and warts. It is excellent for exfoliating clogged pores and sloughing off dead skin cells. Use of straight salicylic solution may cause hyper-pigmentation on un-pretreated skin for those with darker skin types, as well as with the lack of use of a broad spectrum sun block.
SCLEROTIUM GUM: A natural polysaccharide (fruit sugar) gum which is used as a natural thickener and an emulsion stabilizer. It is good for dry skin.
SeaLastin® - An algae extract that is thought to encourage healthy collagen and elastin for skin suppleness.
Shea Butter - A rich emollient that adds to the skin's natural barrier function and increases moisture. It helps skin feel soft and elastic. Shea butter is good for extreme skin dryness, mild eczema, and chapped skin. Shea butter is extracted from the nuts of the shea tree, native to West African savannahs.
Shea Olein – Shea Olein is obtained by separating the natural shea butter into olein and stearin. It is also an wonderful moisturizes and dry skin healer.
Silica – Can be used as a talc substitute to absorb excess oil. Also studies show that without adequate silica, the body cannot maintain optimum skin elasticity, strong hair, nails, teeth and gums.
Silk powder- is derived from the cocoons of silkworms. Used as a face powder, its smoothes out skin tones and absorbs excess oil without drying. Silk has the natural trait of sun protection and anti-inflammation. This helps sun damaged skin, acne, and other skin problems while using the powder.
Sisku'pas (Tsuga heterophylla) - Used for its skin soothing qualities by the Native Americans of the Pacific Northwest.
SODIUM CASTORATE: See Castor Oil.
SODIUM CHLORIDE: Is common salt or table salt. May irritate damaged skin.
SODIUM CITRATE: See Citric Acid.
SODIUM COCOATE: See Coconut Oil.
SODIUM COCOYL ISETHIONATE: This is a very mild cleaning agent with a dense, luxurious foam. It is mild on the skin, and non-drying. Good for sensitive skin.
Sodium Dehydroacetate (Dehydroacetic Acid DHA)- Used as a preservative in cosmetics and skin care products. Not irritating or allergy causing to the skin.
Sodium Hyaluronate (Hyaluronic acid in its sodium salt form) – is a natural component greatly existing in skin and any other body tissues. It has outstanding moisture keeping ability and can hold more than 1000 times its own weight in water. Environmental causes and aging can decrease hyaluronic acid content in skin. This results in the loss of the skin’s water maintaining ability making the skin look dry and rough. When hyaluronic acid is applied on the surface of skin, it forms an air permeable layer and keeps the skin moist and smooth. It helps pull moisture from the air into the skin. The small molecular weight of hyaluronic acid can enter into dermis layer of skin and fully combine with water. This promotes skin blood microcirculation and nutrient absorption. Hyaluronic acid is a great moisturizes that is thought to help reduce fine lines, improves skin tone and texture and improve overall skin health by holding in water.
Sodium Hydromethylglycinate - is an amino acid derived preservative that helps to prevent bacterial growth in skin care products. Is fairly gentle to skin.
SODIUM HYDROXIDE:also known as caustic soda or lye, is one of the major ingredients in the making of old fashioned soap. Lye mixed with rendered animal fat actually makes a nice white soap.
SODIUM LAURYL SARCOSINATE: used as a mild binding ingredient in cleansing skin care products. Also used in teeth whiteners.
Sodium Lauryl sulfate (or Sodium dodecyl sulfate) – A common ingredient used as a foamer, emulsifier, and surfactant in many personal care products including shampoos, toothpaste, lotions, and creams. Products with this ingredient can affect those prone to eczema and other irritants. Can irritate sensitive skins.
SODIUM METHYL COCO TAURATE: derived from coconut and taurine, this amino acid is a mild foaming and cleansing agent.
SODIUM PALMATE: See Palm Kernel Oil.
Sodium PCA ( NaPCA) – A natural component of human skin, Sodium PCA is a light weight moisturizer good for all skin types. The outer layer of the skin is made up of about 12% Sodium PCA. It is thought to help the skin attract and retain moisture, thus keeping skin supple and elastic. It is nonsensitizing, nonirritating, and non-comedogenic.
SORBITAN STEARATE: Used to thicken and stabilize skin care products and cosmetics and is considered to be very mild.
Soy Extract (Phosphatidylcholine) - Derived from lecithin in soy, soy extract is an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent for the skin that restores suppleness and resiliency.
Squalane Oil – derived from squalene, Squalane chemically resembles sebum, making it a very effective skin conditioner with good moisturizing action. It is said to improve the skin's ability to naturally renew, nourish, hydrate, oxygenate and protect itself. Squalane has the ability to permeate into the skin. Squalane is used in skin care products to soften the skin, reduce fine wrinkles, speed wound healing, and act as a bactericidal agent. Squalane is non-irritating and non-sensitizing.
Squalene - a skin care ingredient made from shark liver oil, olive oil or other plant oils and is naturally found in human skin. It helps the skin sustain its health, moisture, and softness. The quantity of squalene in skin declines with age. The topical use of squalene is an effective way of treating dryness, roughness, and the fine lines in maturing skin.
Stearic Acid – a fatty acid used as an emulsifier and to stabilize other ingredients. It is used broadly in the cosmetic business in soaps, conditioners, hairsprays, creams and deodorants. Stearic acid is used to soften and soothe the skin or hair and as a foundation for moisturizers and creams. The salts of Stearic Acid (PEG Distearate, Sorbitan Stearate, Sucrose Stearate, Glyceryl Stearate) are also utilized in cosmetics.
Strawberry Extract (Fragaria vesca) – Some studies suggest that strawberry extract will reduce the appearance of pores but others say it does not of much consequence for the skin.
SUCROSE DISTEARATE: See Sucrose Stearate.
SUCROSE STEARATE: is an ester of sucrose and is made by combining sugar with Stearic Acid. Sucrose stearate is a plant-derived biodegradable surfactant and gentle emulsifier. It has a softening, cooling, moisturizing and anti-microbial effect on the skin.
Sulfur - A mineral with antibacterial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties. It can be irritating to sensitive skin and has a high pH value which can promote bacteria growth on the skin.
Sunflower Oil - is a very light oil from the sunflower seed. Sunflower oil has been shown to have some antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. It is one of the best oils for fortifying the skin's natural barrier and for moisturizing acne-prone skin. When the skin’s barrier is working well, the skin looks more smooth and healthy. When topically applied, sunflower oil has been shown to be very effective at encouraging the skin to maintain the healthy barrier function. It is one of the least comedogenic vegetable oils, and it is nonsensitizing.
Surfactants (an acronym for surface active agent) – An ingredient added to lotions and creams to help oil and water stay blended together so they stay smooth. When used in cleansing agents, surfactants suspend soils letting the dirt be washed away. They are also important for products that need mildness and can give a product spreadability. Most surfactants used today are gentle and effective for most skin types, however some may be drying.
T
Tahitian Gardenia (Cananga odorata) - Fragrant flowers thought to moisturize, protect, and calm the skin.
Tapioca starch - is used in cosmetics as a powder base. In packed powders the starch is a binding agent. Tapioca starch has good absorbency and has a light, almost weightless feeling on the skin.
Tea Tree Oil (also known as melaleuca) - contains broad-spectrum anti-microbial and anti-fungal activities making it an effective treatment for acne. Concentrations of 5% to 10% are suggested for effective anti-bacterial results. Tea tree oil has a low occurrence of skin and irritation sensitivity.
TEA-Lauryl Sulfate - is used as a cleansing surfactant and is also known as Triethanolamine Lauryl Sulfate and Triethanolammonium Lauryl Sulfate. It is a common shampoo ingredient.
Tetrasodium EDTA - is a useful chelating agent used to prevent the minerals in a product from bonding to other ingredients. Also has some preservative actions.
Thea Sinensis Extract – See green tea extract.
Theobroma Cacao Extract –From the cocoa tree, Theobromine contains a molecule thought to affect a specific enzyme in fat cells that may help activate fat break down and reduce the look of cellulite.
Tocopherol - is a type of vitamin E. There are 4 forms of tocopherols each having its own function as a vitamin E. Tocopherols are fat-soluble and work hard at fighting free radicals making tocopherols a great antioxidant for the skin and body. It is also used to prevent oxidation of vegetable oils and extend shelf life. Tocopherols renew the skin and therefore used to help avoid stretch marks during pregnancy. Tocopherols inhibit the progress of fine lines and help retain skin moisture.
Tocopherol Acetate (Vitamin E Acetate) – Often used in skin care products, Tocopherol acetate is used as a substitute for tocopherol itself because the phenolic hydroxyl group is blocked, resulting in a less acidic product. It is an first-rate moisturizer, conditioner, and antioxidant.
Tocopheryl Linoleate (Vitamin E Linoleate) - is an antioxidant that can be used in skin and sun care products. Tocopheryl linoleate is a excellent moisturizer while functioning as a scavenger of free radicals. These two important properties produce; photo(sun)-protection, helps prevent photo-carcinogenesis, reduces premature ageing, boosts skin smoothness and helps moisturize the skin.
Tricalgoxyl (Kelp Sulfated Oligosaccharides) - Extracted from brown algae; Tricalgoxyl is clinically shown to re-mineralize the scalp and hydrate the hair. Your hair should look and feel thicker.
Triclosan – A good antibacterial agent that keeps in check the growth of odor-causing bacteria. It is used in oral hygiene products and cleansers.
Triethanolamine (TEA)- Made from ammonia and ethyl alcohol, TEA is used as a pH balancer in skin care products.
U
Urea – A natural part of urine, a synthetic version of urea is used in cosmetics. Urea has, in small quantities, a good exfoliating and water-binding properties making it beneficial for skin.
V
Vanilla Flower Extract – Used for its fragrance and as a flavoring agent.
Virgin Olive Oil – A natural cold pressed oil normally used as an emollient in soaps, lotions and creams. Virgin olive oil is rich in oleic acid making it a good skin cell regenerator. Olive oil draws in outside moisture to the skin and still allows the normal functions of sweating, shedding of dead skin and releasing sebum to continue as normal. The Greeks used to bathe with oil, using a scraper to take off the surplus. Except for allergies, most vegetable oils are compatible with the skin.
Vitamin A (Also see retinol) – is a fat-soluble vitamin obtained from either animal or plant sources. Vitamin A can help accelerate exfoliation and quicken the growth of fresh skin cells. Faster epidermal cell turnover means softer, smoother, healthier looking skin. Forms of vitamin A have been used as a topical acne treatment. It also is used as an anti-aging skin treatment. Vitamin A keeps vitamin C from being oxidized too quickly in the body. Normal dosages are harmless.
Vitamin C – (Also see ascorbic acid) – is an essential vitamin in the human diet and in particular to the skin. Considered a potent antioxidant, Vitamin C promotes and regulates the making of collagen, and increases the elasticity and structural integrity of skin. Topically applied vitamin C serum is an important protectant against the sun’s UV rays not as a sunscreen but, because it fights free radical damage. Taking oral vitamin C supplements also helps to keep skin healthy.
Vitamin E - Please see Tocopherol Acetate and Tocopherol
W
Walnut Shell Powder – Ground walnut shells are used as an abrasive in exfoliating scrubs.
Water (Aqua) – Most generally used ingredient in skin care products. A base for the active and supplemental ingredients.
White Beeswax – Is the same as yellow beeswax but has been through a bleaching process to attain the white color. White beeswax helps to emulsify and thicken lotions and creams. It holds together lip and body balms. Beeswax adds a protective layer between your skin and the environment.
White Tea Extract – is from the minimally processed leaves and buds of green tea. Both white and green tea has powerful antioxidant properties that are thought to scavenge skin damaging free radicals. This should help protect and renew the skin's natural elasticity.
White Willow Bark Extract - White Willow Bark contains salicin, which in skin care products can have an anti-inflammatory effect since in this form, it keeps more of its aspirin-like qualities.
Willowherb Extract – A member of the evening primrose family, willowherb extract can have anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties that help the skin.
Witch Hazel – a skin care ingredient that improves the appearance of enlarged pores and invigorates skin.
X
Xanthan Gum - is a white cream powder which is used in skin care products as a stabilizer and thickening agent, and a foam enhancer. A key advantage of xanthan gum is that it enhances texture and gives a pleasing skin feel to the product. It also suspends the active ingredients.
Y
Yarrow (Achillia millefolium) - A plant extract that helps soothe the skin. Yarrow works well in cosmetics and cleansers for oily skin.
Ylang Ylang (Cananga odorata) – Ylang Ylang oil helps to renew, relax and balance skin. It has good properties to fight skin irritations and is a nice warming, moisturizing massage oil. The oil is also used for its cleansing and refining properties. Used in higher end products.
Yucca Glauca - Full of a steroid-like compound saponins, the yucca root is thought to have anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic properties. It was used by Native Americans to make soaps and shampoos.
Z
Zinc Oxide – An ingredient found in most sunscreens, zinc oxide efficiently blocks both UVA and UVB sun rays. It possesses a mild astringent and antiseptic quality that helps it to control excess oil and shine. Zinc oxide is also an anti-fungal agent and is a effective preservative. It can be used to treat painful and itchy skin conditions. The mineral zinc is believed to promote the healing of wounds and other skin disorders.
Zinc PCA – lessens sebum production in the skin to help manage oil and reduce shine.
This Week's Poll
 |
What influences your decision when choosing skin care products? |
| Cost of Product | |
| Magazine and / or Tv Ads | |
| In Store Promotions / Sales | |
| In Store Recommendations | |
| Friend Recommendations | |
 |
|
| online pharmacy magic | |
